How Does College Work? Everything You Need To Know (Helpful Guide)
Estimated reading time: 25 minutes
This is the number one guide to how college works! From types, Degrees, Majors, ROI, Pros & Cons, we’ve got you covered!
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You’ve come to the right place to learn everything you need to know about how college works.
From choosing between a college and university to understanding the different types of schools, degree levels, and majors, we’ve got you covered.
We’ll even dive into the pros and cons of going to college and explore the return on investment (ROI) of a college degree.
Follow these recommendations on how to navigate this guide and you’ll be well on your way to understanding everything you need to know about how college works.
Sections Covered In This Post
College Vs. University
The Different Types of Schools
The Cost of College
Why Should I Go to College?
Pros and Cons of Going to College
What Is the Difference Between a School and a Department?
Majors in College
College ROI
Degree Levels
How Do College Years Work?
College Credits
College Vs. University
When choosing between a college and a university, it’s important to think about what you want to achieve and what you’re interested in.
These terms are sometimes used in the same way, but they mean different things…
COLLEGES
A college is usually smaller and more focused than a university. They usually offer undergraduate degrees and provide education in specific fields of study.
- They give associate and bachelor’s degrees, and sometimes also offer professional certifications.
UNIVERSITIES
A university is bigger than a college and has more programs to offer. It includes several colleges and schools and provides both undergraduate and graduate programs.
- They have a wide range of academic offerings, research facilities and graduate schools. They offer a variety of degrees such as bachelor’s, master’s, and doctoral.
- Universities tend to have a more comprehensive curriculum and are often known for their research and academic resources.
SUMMARY
College: Focuses on undergraduate education. University: Offers a wider range of programs, including research opportunities and graduate schools.
The Different Types of Schools
There are different types of colleges to choose from when considering higher education:
- Universities offer both undergraduate and graduate programs and give students a comprehensive educational experience.
- Ivy League schools are selective and prestigious, providing exceptional resources and opportunities for high-achieving students.
- Community colleges focus on two-year associate degree programs and vocational training, making higher education more affordable and accessible.
- Liberal/private colleges prioritize a well-rounded education, exposing students to diverse subjects and fostering critical thinking skills.
- Technical/vocational colleges offer hands-on training that focuses on practical skills for specific careers.
Knowing about these different types of colleges can help you choose the educational path that aligns with your goals and aspirations.
How Much Does A 4-Year College Cost?
The cost of going to college varies depending on the school, program of study, and location.
In the United States, the average annual cost of going to a four-year public college or university is around $20,000 for in-state students and $35,000 for out-of-state students. The average annual cost of going to a private college or university is around $50,000.
However, these costs can differ a lot based on things like financial aid, scholarships, grants, housing, and other expenses. When deciding where to go to college, it’s important to research different schools and consider the full cost of attending.
Feeling Overwhelmed? Here are some action items that may be helpful:
- Create a budget to determine how much you can afford to spend on college expenses, including tuition, housing, and other expenses.
- Research financial aid options, such as scholarships, grants, and loans, that can help you pay for college.
- Talk to academic advisors to determine which courses are required for your major and which courses are electives.
- Consider taking general education courses early on in your college career to get a better idea of what subjects interest you and what you might want to major in.
- Explore different housing options, such as traditional dorms, suite-style housing, apartment-style housing, or Greek housing, and consider factors such as cost, location, and lifestyle preferences.
- Attend career fairs and networking events to meet professionals in your desired field and learn about potential job opportunities.
- Join clubs, organizations, or sports teams to meet other students with similar interests and get involved in campus life.
- Develop time management skills to balance coursework, extracurricular activities, and personal responsibilities.
These action items can help you prepare for and make the most of your college experience.
Why Should I Go To College?
When learning about how college works, one of the great ways is to focus on the positives … a.k.a. the benefits.
There are many benefits to getting a higher education degree. Here are a few:
1. BETTER JOB OPPORTUNITIES
Having a college degree can open up more job opportunities and increase your earning potential. Many employers require a college degree for certain positions, and having one can put you ahead of other candidates.
2. HIGHER EARNING POTENTIAL
While a college degree is not always necessary to make a great living, it can provide access to higher-paying salaried roles. In many industries, having a degree is becoming a standard requirement.
Pursuing a college education is a safe and practical option, providing a solid foundation for career advancement and financial stability.
3. PERSONAL GROWTH
College is not just about academics; it’s also a chance to learn and grow as a person. You’ll have the chance to explore new interests, meet people from different backgrounds, and gain independence.
4. NETWORKING
College is a great place to meet people who can help you in your future career. Professors, alumni, and fellow students can all offer valuable connections and advice.
5. LEARNING AND DEVELOPMENT
College provides a structured environment for learning and development. You’ll be challenged academically and will have access to resources and support to help you succeed.
6. COMMUNITY INVOLVEMENT
Colleges often offer opportunities for community involvement and service. This can help you develop leadership skills, make a positive impact, and give back to your community.
Overall, getting a college degree can be a great investment in your future, offering personal and professional growth, new opportunities, and a sense of accomplishment.
Pros and Cons of Going to College
PROS
- Career Advancement: In understanding how does college work, it’s important to think about how college can improve you. A college degree can help you find better jobs and earn more money. Some employers require a college degree for certain positions, so having one can give you an advantage over other candidates.
- Higher Earning Potential: Going to college can be a good investment in your future. You can get better jobs and earn more money with a college degree. However, you don’t always need a college degree to make a good living.
- Personal Growth: College is a great time to learn new things, meet new people, and become more independent.
- Networking: College is a good place to meet people who can help you in your career. Professors, alumni, and other students can give you advice and help you find job opportunities.
- Learning and Development: College is a place where you can learn a lot and get support to help you succeed.
- Community Involvement: Colleges often offer opportunities to give back to their community and develop leadership skills.
CONS
- Cost: College can be expensive, and you may have to pay for tuition, books, and living expenses.
- Debt: Many students have to take out loans to pay for college, which can take a long time to pay off.
- Time: College can take a lot of time and effort, and you may feel overwhelmed.
- Uncertainty: Getting a college degree doesn’t guarantee you a job, and you may have trouble finding a job in your field.
- Alternative Education Paths: Going to college isn’t the only way to get a good job. You can also go to vocational school or do an apprenticeship.
Overall, going to college can be a good choice for some people. It can help you learn new things, meet new people, and get better jobs. But it can also be expensive and take a lot of time and effort. So it’s important to think carefully about your goals and what you want to achieve before you decide whether or not to go to college.
What Is The Difference Between A School And A Department?
In the context of higher education, there is a distinction between a school and a department. So how does college work specifically in terms of organizational structure?
A school is a larger organizational unit within a college or university that encompasses multiple departments or academic disciplines.
It often represents a broader field of study, such as the School of Engineering, School of Business, or School of Arts and Sciences. A school typically consists of various departments, each focusing on a specific area of expertise or discipline.
Departments are more specialized and narrower in scope, focusing on a particular subject or academic field within the larger school.
For example, within the School of Business, there may be departments such as:
- Finance
- Marketing
- Accounting
Departments are responsible for designing and delivering courses, conducting research, and providing academic support within their specific area of specialization.
Overall, schools provide a framework for organizing and administering multiple related disciplines, while departments focus on specific academic fields within those broader areas.
Majors In College
WHAT MAJOR SHOULD I CHOOSE
Choosing a major that’s right for you can feel overwhelming, but you can use the following factors to help you decide:
- Personal interest: Think about what subjects or fields excite you. Consider your hobbies, values, and areas of curiosity. Studying something you’re passionate about can make your academic and career pursuits more fulfilling.
- Career prospects: Look into the job market and employment trends related to different majors. Consider the demand, growth potential, and salary prospects for careers associated with each field of study. Balancing your interests with practicality can help ensure long-term financial stability.
- Work-life balance: Research how much time and stress different majors demand. Some fields may require longer hours or higher stress levels, while others offer more flexibility and better work-life integration. Consider how your desired major aligns with your desired lifestyle and values.
- Goal alignment: Think about your short-term and long-term goals when learning about how college works and if it’s right for you. How does each potential major align with your career aspirations, personal ambitions, and overall life goals? Evaluate whether a particular major can provide the knowledge and skills you need to achieve your objectives.
- Practical skills: Consider the practical skills and knowledge you’ll gain from each major. Look for programs that offer real-world applications, internships, hands-on experiences, or opportunities to develop transferable skills like communication, problem-solving, and critical thinking. Practical skills acquired during your studies can enhance your employability and adaptability in various domains.
Remember, this guide is just a starting point, and you can assign different importance to each factor based on your individual preferences and circumstances.
College ROI – What Is ROI?
You might be wondering during your search process, “What majors are worth studying?”
Let’s talk about R.O.I.
What is ROI?
College ROI, or Return on Investment, refers to the financial value and benefits gained from a college education in relation to the cost of obtaining that education.
It involves assessing the return, both monetary and non-monetary, that individuals can expect to receive over their lifetime as a result of their college degree.
- The ROI of college takes into account factors such as tuition expenses, potential scholarships or financial aid, future earnings, career advancement opportunities, and the overall value of the education received.
By evaluating the ROI of college, individuals can make informed decisions about their educational investment, weighing the potential financial and professional benefits against the costs involved.
It helps students and their families understand the long-term value and economic impact of pursuing higher education and assists in planning for a successful future.
WHAT IS A GOOD ROI FOR COLLEGE?
Getting a degree from college can be worth it if you consider your personal situation and things like what job you want, where you live, and what you want to achieve.
Here are some things to think about:
- You might make more money
- You could have more job options
- You may be able to get promoted more easily.
There’s no set rule for what makes a good ROI, but it’s a good idea to pick a college that gives you a good return on investment. That means you should be able to make a good salary when you start working and earn enough to make up for the cost of your degree.
Also, it’s a good idea to think about things that aren’t related to money, like how college can help you grow as a person, make connections, and learn new things that could be useful in your life.
Is A College Degree Still Worth The Investment?
It’s definitely an interesting topic and one that many people are interested in.
In understanding how college works we need to think about how it is an investment.
Nowadays, college can be quite expensive, and it’s no surprise that people are exploring other options, such as vocational training or entrepreneurship.
Still, earning a college degree can be incredibly valuable.
Studies consistently show that people with college degrees earn more money, have better job prospects, and experience less unemployment than those with only a high school diploma.
Plus, college provides opportunities for personal growth, critical thinking skills, and a better understanding of the world around us.
Of course, it’s important for students to carefully consider the investment of time and money involved in pursuing a college education.
It’s also important to explore alternative options that align with their personal and professional goals.
Degree Levels
The world of higher education offers a variety of degree levels, each serving different purposes and opening doors to various opportunities.
Let’s explore the different types of college degrees to understand how college works:
- Associate’s Degree: An associate’s degree is typically earned from a community college or a two-year college program. It is often pursued to gain practical skills for entry-level positions or as a stepping stone toward further education.
- Bachelor’s Degree: A bachelor’s degree is the most common undergraduate degree. It is typically earned after four years of full-time study at a college or university. It offers in-depth knowledge and specialization in a particular field. It also provides a broader educational experience and prepares students for a wide range of careers or graduate studies.
- Graduate Degree: Graduate degrees, such as master’s degrees and doctoral degrees, are pursued after completing a bachelor’s degree. A master’s degree involves advanced study in a specific field. This provides specialized knowledge and expertise that can lead to career advancement or further research. Doctoral degrees, on the other hand, are the highest level of academic achievement. They require significant research and original contributions to a specific field.
- Certificates and Vocational Programs: In addition to traditional degree programs, colleges and vocational schools offer certificates and vocational programs. These programs focus on specific vocational skills and provide practical training for a particular trade or industry. They are often shorter in duration and can be a valuable pathway for those seeking specialized skills and quick entry into the workforce.
How To Choose The Right Degree
Choosing the right degree level depends on your career goals, personal interests, and time commitment. While higher degree levels generally offer more opportunities for advancement and specialization, it’s important to consider the specific requirements and expectations of your chosen field. Whether you opt for a two-year program, a four-year bachelor’s degree, or pursue advanced studies, each degree level provides a unique educational journey with its own set of benefits and opportunities for personal and professional growth.
How Do College Years Work?
Understanding the structure of college years can help students make the most of their academic journey. Here’s a breakdown of how college years typically work:
- Freshman Year: The first year of college is often referred to as freshman year. It serves as a transitional period for students entering college from high school. During this year, students become familiar with campus life, adjust to new academic expectations, and explore different areas of study. General education requirements are usually completed in the freshman year, allowing students to sample a variety of subjects before deciding on a major.
- Sophomore Year: By this time, students have gained some experience and are more accustomed to college life. They continue to take a mix of general education courses and begin to delve deeper into their chosen major or area of interest. Sophomore year is an opportunity to further explore academic and extracurricular pursuits, build relationships with professors, and consider potential internships or study abroad opportunities.
- Junior Year: At this stage, students typically have a clearer sense of their academic goals and have declared a major. Junior year focuses on more advanced coursework within the major, honing specialized skills, and delving into more complex subject matter. Students may also start considering potential career paths and networking opportunities, such as internships or research projects.
- Senior Year: The final year of college is senior year. During this time, students complete their remaining coursework and requirements for their major. Seniors often have the opportunity to engage in capstone projects, research, or internships that showcase their knowledge and skills.
College Credits
HOW MANY CREDITS TO GRADUATE WITH A BACHELOR’S DEGREE
So how does college credits work?
The number of credits required to graduate from college varies depending on the institution and the program of study. Typically, a bachelor’s degree requires 120-130 credits, which can be completed in four years of full-time study.
However, some programs may require more or fewer credits, and the time to complete a degree may vary depending on factors such as course load and transfer credits. It’s important to consult with academic advisors and program requirements to determine the specific credit requirements for your chosen degree.
DO COLLEGE CREDITS EXPIRE?
Whether or not college credits expire depends on the institution and program.
In most cases, college credits do not expire and can be used towards a degree at any time.
However, some institutions may have time limits on how long credits can be applied towards a degree or have specific policies on transfer credits.
It’s important to consult with academic advisors and program requirements to determine the specific policies and regulations for credit transfer and application.
WHAT ARE TRANSFER CREDITS?
Transfer credits are credits you earn at one college or university that can count toward a degree program at another school when transferred.
You can transfer credits from a community college to a four-year university, or from one four-year university to another.
The exact requirements for transferring credits may be different depending on the schools and the program you’re studying.
It’s important to talk to academic advisors and program requirements to figure out the specific policies and rules for credit transfer and application.
DO AP OR IB CREDITS TRANSFER?
Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) credits can help you earn college credit before your freshman year. However, not all colleges accept these credits, and even if they do, they might only count toward certain requirements. To avoid any surprises, reach out to the college’s admissions office to check what credits they accept and how they apply towards your degree.
It might be tempting to take as many AP and IB courses as possible, but it’s essential to weigh the potential risks and benefits, like the possibility of not passing the final exams (e.g., AP Exams) because only specific scores will be accepted.
If you’re not sure about AP or IB credits, another option is to take community college courses that can transfer to a four-year college or university. These courses are generally more widely accepted and can be a reliable way to earn transferable credits. Make sure to check with the college or university you plan to attend to know their specific policies and regulations for credit transfer and application.
College Housing
TYPES OF COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY HOUSING
College housing, also known as dormitories or residence halls, is a popular choice for students looking for a convenient and immersive living experience during their college years.
There are several types of college housing options, including:
- Traditional Dorms: Traditional dorms are on-campus housing options that offer double or triple-occupancy rooms with shared bathrooms and common areas. They come equipped with basic furnishings, such as beds, desks, and closets, and may include meal plans and access to laundry facilities. Dorms are a great way to connect with other students and become more involved in campus life.
- Suite-Style Housing: Suite-style housing provides multiple rooms that share a common living area and bathroom. They are a good option for students who prefer more privacy and space than traditional dorms.
- Apartment-Style Housing: Apartment-style housing lets students experience independent living. They offer private bedrooms and bathrooms, a shared living space, and a kitchen. Apartment-style housing is a great option for students who want to live off-campus while still being close to campus and other students.
Additional College Housing
- Greek Housing: Greek housing includes fraternity and sorority houses, which are often located off-campus. They provide living arrangements for members of Greek organizations, offering a sense of community and fellowship. Greek housing is a good option for students who want to be part of a tight-knit group and take part in social events and activities. Traditional dorms are usually located on campus and offer double or triple-occupancy rooms with shared bathrooms and common areas. They often come equipped with basic furnishings, such as beds, desks, and closets, and may include meal plans and access to laundry facilities.
Overall, college housing can be a great way to immerse yourself in the college experience and make lifelong friends. However, it’s important to research different housing options and consider factors such as cost, location, and lifestyle preferences before making a decision.
IS IT WORTH IT LIVING ON CAMPUS?
Living on campus is a good way to enjoy college life, meet new people, and join campus activities. It also gives you easy access to classes, libraries, and other campus resources. However, it can be more costly than living off-campus, and some students may want more independence by living off-campus. Also, there is sometimes limited campus housing, noise, and limited space.
Ultimately, the choice to live on campus depends on what you want and your situation. Make sure to think about things like cost, location, lifestyle, and goals when deciding whether to live on or off campus during college.
College Semesters
HOW LONG IS A SEMESTER IN COLLEGE?
How does college semesters work?
A semester in college usually lasts for about 16 weeks, which is one academic term. Most academic years have two semesters, with a summer break in the middle.
However, the length and structure of semesters can vary depending on the school and program of study.
Some colleges have a quarter system or a trimester system instead of a two-semester system.
To figure out the exact semester structure and duration for your degree, you should talk to academic advisors and check program requirements.
HOW MANY SEMESTERS IN COLLEGE?
The number of semesters in college depends on the program of study and the school.
A typical bachelor’s degree in the United States takes four years to finish, with two semesters per year. This means most undergraduate students will finish eight semesters of coursework before graduating.
However, some programs might have more or fewer semesters, and the time it takes to complete a degree can vary depending on factors like course load and transfer credits.
To figure out the exact semester structure and duration for your degree, you should talk to academic advisors and check program requirements.
College Classes Or Courses?
WHAT IS A COLLEGE CLASS CALLED?
A college class is usually called a course or a class. Courses are usually grouped by subject and level of difficulty and can be done in different formats, like lectures, seminars, or labs.
Courses are worth a certain number of credits, which track progress toward a degree. Most college courses are worth three to four credits, and students usually take between 12 and 18 credits per semester.
COLLEGE GENERAL ED CLASSES
General education classes, also called gen ed classes, cover a wide range of subjects and are required for most undergraduate degree programs. They’re designed to give students a well-rounded education and introduce them to different academic disciplines.
Gen ed courses usually cover topics like math, science, social sciences, humanities, and communications. They’re often taken during the first two years of college and are required for graduation.
WHAT ARE ELECTIVES?
Electives are courses that students choose based on their interests and academic goals. They’re usually not required for graduation but can give students a chance to explore new subjects or deepen their knowledge in a specific area.
Electives can be chosen from a wide range of subjects, like art, music, psychology, philosophy, or business. They can also include internships, research projects, or study abroad programs.
Electives can be a great way to personalize your college experience and explore new interests. However, you should talk to academic advisors and check program requirements to make sure electives fit your degree requirements and goals.
Now You Know How College Works
Scroll down for helpful action items!
College is a time of growth and exploration, offering opportunities to gain knowledge, skills, and experiences that can shape your personal and professional life. By understanding how college works, you can make informed decisions about your educational investment and plan for a successful future. Remember, college is a journey, and each step along the way is an opportunity to learn, grow, and discover your potential. With the right mindset and preparation, college can be a transformative and rewarding experience that sets you up for a fulfilling future. Good luck on your journey!
Overall, college is a time of growth and exploration. It offers opportunities to gain knowledge, skills, and experiences that can shape your personal and professional life. By understanding how college works, you can make informed decisions about your educational investment and plan for a successful future. Remember, college is a journey, and each step along the way is an opportunity to learn, grow, and discover your potential.
As you embark on your college journey, it’s important to keep in mind the different factors that can impact your experience and success. Consider your personal goals and interests, research different schools and programs, and explore diverse opportunities for growth and learning. With the right mindset and preparation, college can be a transformative and rewarding experience that sets you up for a fulfilling future. Good luck on your journey!
Helpful Take-Aways:
- Find out what you are interested in, what jobs are available, what will help you balance work and life, what will help you reach your goals, and what practical skills you need to decide which major is right for you.
- Think about your personal situation, such as where you want to work, where you want to live, and what you want to achieve, to decide if getting a college degree is worth the investment.
- Understand the different types of college degrees and their levels, such as associate’s, bachelor’s, graduate degrees, certificates, and vocational programs.
- Know how college years are structured, such as freshman year, sophomore year, junior year, and senior year.
- Understand college credits, such as how many credits you need to get a bachelor’s degree, whether college credits expire, and what transfer credits are.
- Know the different types of college housing, such as traditional dorms, suite-style housing, apartment-style housing, and Greek housing.
- Understand how college semesters work, such as how long each semester lasts and how many semesters there are.
- Know the costs of going to a four-year college, such as tuition, housing, and other expenses, and look into financial aid options.
- Prepare for college by attending career fairs and networking events, joining clubs or organizations, developing time management skills, and taking general education courses early on in your college career.
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